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Indian Institutes of Technology - Wikipedia

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1List of all Indian Institutes of Technology

2History

3Organisational Structure

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3.1The Institutes of Technology Act

4Academics

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4.1Undergraduate education degrees

4.2Postgraduate education

4.2.1Master's degrees and postgraduate diplomas

4.2.2Bachelors-Masters dual degrees

4.3Doctoral

5Culture and student life

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5.1Technical and cultural festivals

6Academic rankings

7Discrimination

8Criticism

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8.1Brain drain

8.2Entrance competition

9See also

10References

11Further reading

12External links

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Indian Institutes of Technology

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Public technical universities in India

"IIT" redirects here. For other uses, see IIT (disambiguation).

Indian Institutes of TechnologyOther nameIIT or IITs (plural)TypePublic Technical InstituteEstablished15 May 1950(73 years ago) (1950-05-15)Parent institutionMinistry of Education, Government of IndiaBudget₹9,661.50 crore (US$1.2 billion)(FY2023–24 est.)[1]Location23 cities in IndiaLanguageEnglishWebsitewww.iitsystem.ac.in

MadrasDelhiGuwahatiKanpurKharagpurBombayRoorkeeVaranasiBhubaneswarGandhinagarHyderabadIndoreJodhpurMandiPatnaRoparPalakkadGoaBhilaiTirupatiJammuDharwadDhanbadclass=notpageimage| Location of the 23 IITs

The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) are a network of engineering and technology institutions in India. Established in 1950, they are renowned for their academic excellence. They are under the ownership of the Ministry of Education of the Government of India and are governed by the Institutes of Technology Act, 1961. The Act declares them as Institutes of National Importance and lays down their powers, duties, and framework for governance as the country's premier institutions in the field of technology.[2][3] The act currently lists twenty-three IITs.[4] Each IIT has autonomy and is linked to others through a common council called the IIT Council, which oversees their administration. The Minister of Education of India is the ex officio chairperson of the IIT Council.[5]

List of all Indian Institutes of Technology[edit]

IITs and their locations, sorted by date of establishment [2][3][4][6][7]

No.

Name

Abbreviation

Founded

Converted as IIT

State/UT

Website

IIT Kharagpur

IITKGP

1951

West Bengal

https://www.iitkgp.ac.in

IIT Bombay

IITB

1958

Maharashtra

https://www.iitb.ac.in

IIT Madras

IITM

1959

Tamil Nadu

https://www.iitm.ac.in

IIT Kanpur

IITK

1959

Uttar Pradesh

https://www.iitk.ac.in

IIT Delhi

IITD

1961

Delhi

https://home.iitd.ac.in

IIT Guwahati

IITG

1994

1995

Assam

https://www.iitg.ac.in

IIT Roorkee

IITR

1847

2002[8]

Uttarakhand

https://www.iitr.ac.in

IIT Ropar

IITRPR

2008

Punjab

https://www.iitrpr.ac.in/

IIT Bhubaneswar

IITBBS

2008

Odisha

https://www.iitbbs.ac.in/

IIT Gandhinagar

IITGN

2008

Gujarat

https://www.iitgn.ac.in/

IIT Hyderabad

IITH

2008

Telangana

https://www.iith.ac.in

IIT Jodhpur

IITJ

2008

Rajasthan

https://www.iitj.ac.in/

IIT Patna

IITP

2008

Bihar

https://www.iitp.ac.in/

IIT Indore

IITI

2009

Madhya Pradesh

https://www.iiti.ac.in

IIT Mandi

IITMD

2009

Himachal Pradesh

https://www.iitmandi.ac.in

IIT Varanasi

IIT BHU

1919

2012[9]

Uttar Pradesh

https://www.iitbhu.ac.in

IIT Palakkad

IITPKD

2015[10]

2015

Kerala

https://iitpkd.ac.in/

IIT Tirupati

IITT

2015[11]

2015

Andhra Pradesh

https://www.iittp.ac.in/

IIT Dhanbad

IIT DHN

1926

2016[12]

Jharkhand

https://www.iitism.ac.in/

IIT Bhilai

IITBH

2016[13]

2016

Chhattisgarh

https://www.iitbhilai.ac.in/

IIT Dharwad

IITDH

2016[14]

2016

Karnataka

https://iitdh.ac.in/

IIT Jammu

IITJMU

2016[15]

2016

Jammu and Kashmir

https://www.iitjammu.ac.in/

IIT Goa

IIT GOA

2016[16]

2016

Goa

https://iitgoa.ac.in/

History[edit]

The office of the Hijli Detention Camp served as the first academic building of IIT Kharagpur.

Library at IIT BHU

IIT Guwahati, established in 1994

IIT Madras Research Park at Chennai

Main article: History of Indian Institutes of Technology

In the late 1940s, a 22-member committee, headed by Nalini Ranjan Sarkar, recommended the establishment of these institutions in various parts of India, along the lines of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), with affiliated secondary institutions.[17]

The first Indian Institute of Technology was founded in May 1950 at the site of the Hijli Detention Camp in Kharagpur, West Bengal.[18] The name "Indian Institute of Technology" was adopted before the formal inauguration of the institute on 18 August 1951 by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad.[19]

On 15 September 1956, the Parliament of India passed the Indian Institute of Technology (Kharagpur) Act, declaring it as an Institute of National Importance. Jawaharlal Nehru, first Prime Minister of India, in the first convocation address of IIT Kharagpur in 1956, said:[20]

Here in the place of that Hijli Detention Camp stands the fine monument of India, representing India's urges, India's future in the making. This picture seems to me symbolically of the changes coming to India.

On the recommendations of the Sarkar Committee, four campuses were established at Bombay (1958), Madras (1959), Kanpur (1959), and Delhi (1961). The location of these campuses was chosen to be scattered throughout India to prevent regional imbalance.[21] The Indian Institutes of Technology Act was amended to reflect the addition of new IITs.[2]

In the tenth meeting of IIT Council in 1972, it was also proposed to convert the then IT-BHU into an IIT and a committee was appointed by IIT Council for the purpose but because of political reasons, the desired conversion could not be achieved then.[22] IT-BHU had been taking admissions through Indian Institute of Technology Joint Entrance Examination (IIT-JEE) for undergraduate courses and Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) for postgraduate courses since 1972. Finally, in 2012 the Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University was made a member of the IITs and renamed as IIT (BHU) Varanasi.[9]

Student agitations in the state of Assam made Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi promise the creation of a new IIT in Assam. This led to the establishment of a sixth institution at Guwahati under the Assam Accord in 1994.

In 2001, the University of Roorkee was converted into IIT Roorkee.[8]

Over the past few years, there have been several developments toward establishing new IITs. On 1 October 2003, Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee announced plans to create more IITs "by upgrading existing academic institutions that have the necessary promise and potential".[23] Subsequent developments led to the formation of the S K Joshi Committee, in November 2003, to guide the selection of the five institutions which would be converted into IITs. Based on the initial recommendations of the Sarkar Committee, it was decided that new IITs should be spread throughout the country. When the government expressed its willingness to correct this regional imbalance, 16 states demanded IITs. Since the S K Joshi Committee prescribed strict guidelines for institutions aspiring to be IITs,[24] only seven colleges were selected for final consideration.[25] Plans are also reported to open IITs outside India, although there has not been much progress in this regard.[26] Eventually in the 11th Five year plan, eight states were identified for establishment of new IITs.

From 2008 to 2009, eight new IITs were set up in Gandhinagar, Jodhpur, Hyderabad, Indore, Patna, Bhubaneswar, Ropar, and Mandi.

In 2015 to 2016, six new IITs in Tirupati, Palakkad, Dharwad, Bhilai, Goa, and Jammu, approved through a 2016 bill amendment, were founded, along with the conversion of Indian School of Mines Dhanbad into IIT , Dhanbad.[12]

The entire allocation by the central government for the 2017-18 budget for all Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) was slightly over ₹70 billion (US$880 million). However, the aggregate money spent by Indian students for tertiary education in the United States was about six times more than what the central government spends on all IITs.[27]

In June 2023, education officials of India and Tanzania announced that the first foreign IIT campus would be established on the Tanzanian autonomous territory of Zanzibar, as a satellite campus of IIT Madras. The campus is scheduled to begin offering classes in October 2023.[28]

Organisational Structure[edit]

Organisational structure of IITs

The President of India is the ex officio Visitor,[29] and has residual powers. Directly under the President is the IIT Council, comprising minister-in-charge of technical education in the Union Government, the Chairmen of all IITs, the Directors of all IITs, the Chairman of the University Grants Commission, the Director General of CSIR, the Chairman of IISc, the Director of IISc, three members of Parliament, the Joint Council Secretary of Ministry of Education, and three appointees each of the Union Government, AICTE, and the Visitor.[30]

Under the IIT Council is the Board of Governors of each IIT. Under the Board of Governors is the Director, who is the chief academic and executive officer of the IIT.[31] Under the Director, in the organisational structure, comes the Deputy Director. Under the Director and the deputy director, come the Deans, Heads of Departments, Registrar, President of the Students' Council, and Chairman of the Hall Management Committee. The Registrar is the chief administrative officer of the IIT and overviews the day-to-day operations.[31] Below the Heads of Department (HOD) are the faculty members (Professors, Associate Professors, and Assistant Professors). The Wardens come under the Chairman of the Hall Management Committee.[32]

The Institutes of Technology Act[edit]

Main article: Institutes of Technology Act

The Institute of Technology Act (parliamentary legislation) gives legal status, including degree-granting powers, to the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs). It was notified in the gazette as Act Number 59 of 1961 on 20 December 1961 and came into effect on 1 April 1962. The Act also declares these institutes as Institutes of National Importance.

Academics[edit]

IIT BombayCentral Library, IIT Roorkee

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IIT Madras - Wikipedia

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1History

2Campus

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2.1Student Hostels

2.2Facilities

3Organisation and administration

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3.1Governance

4Departments

5Academics

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5.1Grading System and Student Evaluation

5.2Admission tests

5.3Academic research programmes

5.4Partnership with other universities

6Rankings

7Industrial Consultancy and Sponsored Research (ICSR)

Toggle Industrial Consultancy and Sponsored Research (ICSR) subsection

7.1National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL)

7.2IITM Research Park

7.3IOE-IITM Research Initiatives

7.4Pravartak

8Alumni and Corporate Relations

Toggle Alumni and Corporate Relations subsection

8.1Initiatives and Engagement

8.2Collaborations with Corporations

9Modern and Advanced Courses

Toggle Modern and Advanced Courses subsection

9.1BS Degree in Data Science and Applications

9.2Robert Bosch Centre for Data Science and AI (RBCDSAI)

9.2.1BS DSA Stats-Maths Academic Cell

9.3Scholarships at IITM BS

9.4Diploma Courses at IITM

9.5BS Degree in Electronic Systems (ES)

9.6IIT Madras Zanzibar Campus

10Student activities

Toggle Student activities subsection

10.1Festivals

10.1.1E-Summit IIT Madras

10.1.2Shaastra

10.1.3Saarang

10.1.4Paradox

10.1.5Department festivals

10.2The Entrepreneurship Cell

10.3Centre For Innovation (CFI)

10.4Extra Mural Lectures (EML)

10.5Extracurricular activities

10.6IIT Madras Heritage Centre

11Controversies

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11.1Kiss of Love

11.2Beef Fest

12Notable alumni

13Companies run by IIT Madras alumni

14See also

15References

16External links

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IIT Madras

25 languages

AzərbaycancaবাংলাCebuanoDeutschEspañolفارسیFrançais한국어हिन्दीಕನ್ನಡമലയാളംमराठीनेपाली日本語Norsk bokmålਪੰਜਾਬੀپنجابیPortuguêsРусскийसंस्कृतम्SuomiTagalogதமிழ்తెలుగుاردو

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Coordinates: 12°59′29″N 80°14′01″E / 12.99151°N 80.23362°E / 12.99151; 80.23362

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Public engineering institution in India

Indian Institute of Technology MadrasEmblem of the IIT MadrasMottoसिद्धिर्भवति कर्मजाsiddhirbhavati karmajāMotto in EnglishSuccess is born out of action[1]TypePublic technical universityEstablished1959; 65 years ago (1959)Endowment₹700 crore (2021) (US$ 93.26 million)[2]Budget₹996 crore (US$120 million) (2021–2022)[3]ChairmanPawan Kumar GoenkaDeanPratap Haridoss, R G Robinson, R Sarathi, Mahesh Panchagnula, Shanthi Pavan, Manu Santhanam, K Murali, Sathyanarayana N Gummadi, Raghunathan Rengaswamy[4]DirectorProf. V. KamakotiAcademic staff684 (2023)[5]Students10,180 (2023)[5]Undergraduates4,722 (2023)[5]Postgraduates2,738 (2023)[5]Doctoral students3,337 (2023)[5]LocationChennai, Tamil Nadu, 600036, India12°59′29″N 80°14′01″E / 12.99151°N 80.23362°E / 12.99151; 80.23362CampusUrban620 acres (2.5 km2)Colors Maroon

GoldNicknameIITians, IITMiansWebsitewww.iitm.ac.in

Indian Institute of Technology Madras (popularly known as IITM or IIT Madras) is a public technical university located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. It is one of the eight public Institutes of Eminence of India. As one of the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), IIT Madras is also recognized as an Institute of National Importance.[6]

Founded in 1959 with technical and financial assistance from the former government of West Germany, it was the third Indian Institute of Technology established by the Government of India.[7][8] IIT Madras is consistently ranked as the top engineering institute in India by the Ministry of Education's National Institutional Ranking Framework since the inception of the NIRF ranking system in 2016.[9][10][11]

History[edit]

Main article: History of Indian Institutes of Technology

In 1956, the West German Government offered technical assistance for establishing an institute of higher education in engineering in India. The first Indo-German agreement was signed in Bonn, West Germany in 1959 for the establishment of the Indian Institute of Technology at Madras. IIT Madras was started with technical, academic and financial assistance from the Government of West Germany and was at the time the largest international educational project sponsored by the West German government. The Government of the Federal Republic of Germany has agreed to provide the following assistance in the establishment of a higher technological institute at Madras:

A workshop, laboratory equipment, and a library whose total value does not exceed ₹1.8 crore (equivalent to ₹166 crores or $20 million in 2024) .[12]

Twenty German professors to serve at the institute for a period of four to five years

Four German foremen for the workshops of the institute for two years

Facilities for the training of twenty Indian teachers in German institutions[13]

This has led to several collaborative research efforts with universities and institutions in Germany over the years.[14] Although official support from the German government has ended, several research efforts involving the DAAD programme and Humboldt Fellowships still exist.

The Indian Institute of Technology, Madras started functioning with the first batch of 120 students being admitted in July 1959 to the first year of the Engineering Course.[15] The institute was inaugurated in 1959, by the then Union Minister for Scientific Research and Cultural Affairs. The first batch had an overall strength of 120 students from across India.[16] In 1961, the IITs were declared to be Institutes of National Importance. The first convocation ceremony was held on 11 July 1964, with Dr. S. Radhakrishnan, then the president of India, delivering the convocation address and awarding the degrees to the inaugural batch of students.[17] The institute got its first women students in the BTech batch of 1966.[18] IIT Madras celebrated its Golden Jubilee in 2009, and its Diamond Jubilee in 2019.[19]

Campus[edit]

The main entrance of IIT Madras is on Sardar Patel Road, flanked by the residential districts of Adyar and Velachery. The campus is close to the Raj Bhavan, the official seat of the Governor of Tamil Nadu. Other entrances are located in Velachery (near Anna Garden MTC bus stop, Velachery Main Road), Gandhi Road and Taramani gate (close to Ascendas Tech Park).

The campus is located 10 km (6.2 mi) from the Chennai Airport, 12 km (7.5 mi) from the Chennai Central Railway station, and is connected by city buses. Kasturba Nagar is the nearest station on the Chennai MRTS line.

Two parallel roads, Bonn Avenue and Delhi Avenue, cut through the faculty residential area before they meet at the Gajendra Circle, near the Administrative Block. Buses regularly ply between the Main Gate, Gajendra Circle, the Academic Zone, and the Hostel Zone.

IIT Madras is the first IIT in India to set up an offshore campus in Tanzania in Africa as part of the Central government's IIT expansion plans abroad.[20][21] In July 2023, education officials of India and Tanzania said that an IIT Madras satellite campus in the Tanzanian autonomous territory of Zanzibar would begin offering classes in October 2023 and this has started functioning as announced.[22] IITM - Zanzibar is also the first IIT to have a Woman Director - the Director of the Tanzania Campus is Prof. Preeti Aghalayam.[23] This progressive IIT is now, all set to establish its second international campus in Sri Lanka.[24]

Student Hostels[edit]

Most students at IIT Madras reside in hostels, where extracurricular activities complement the academic routine. The campus has 21 hostels, of which, six, Sabarmati, Sarayu, Sharavati, Swarnamukhi and the convertible Tunga - Bhadra are currently exclusively for women. In earlier times, each hostel had attached dining facilities but all of them have been closed down starting around 2010. Dining facilities are provided in three centralised halls: Nilgiri, Vindhya and Himalaya. Recently (2023) a new mess has been opened in old Cauvery hostel mess for Jain food. Students are assigned to hostels upon matriculation, where they usually reside for the entire duration of their course of study.

Godavari Hostel

Brahmaputra Hostel

Sabarmathi Hostel

The halls of IITM are:

Boys' Hostels

Alakananda

Brahmaputra

Cauvery

Ganga

Godavari

Jamuna

Krishna

Mahanadhi

Mandakini

Narmada

Pampa

Saraswathi

Sindhu

Tamiraparani

Tapti

Girls' hostels

Bhadra

Sabarmati

Sarayu

Sharavathi

Swarnamukhi

Tunga

International hostel under construction, name to be announced

Sindhu, Pampa, Mahanadhi and Tamiraparani are seven-storeyed whereas all the other hostels are three or four storeyed. These four hostels can accommodate more than 1,200 students.[25] The older hostels were all three-storeyed till the early 2000s when extra rooms were added. An additional new floor in the three-storeyed hostels which generally house the undergraduate students and a new block in place of the mess halls of these hostels have been constructed to accommodate for the increased intake of the students. These new blocks could be used as entrances for these hostels. As of 2022, old Mandakini has been demolished and a new multi-storey block opened, with provision to accommodate approximately 1200 students.[26]

Facilities[edit]

IIT Madras provides residential accommodation for its students, faculty, administrative and supporting staff, and their families. The residential houses employ private caterers. The self-contained campus includes two schools (Vanavani and Kendriya Vidyalaya), three temples (Jalakanteshwara, Durga Peliamman and Ganapathi), three bank branches (SBI, ICICI, Canara Bank), a hospital, shopping centres, food shops, a gym, sleeping room and cricket, football, hockey and badminton stadiums. Internet is available in the academic zone and the faculty and staff residential zone. Earlier Internet was limited in hostel-zone from 2:00 pm till midnight and from 5:00 am to 8:00 am, but increasing demand during academic semester led to round-the-clock Internet service.[27]

IIT Madras also has supercomputing capability, with the IBM Virgo Super Cluster with 97 teraflops worth of computational power.[28]

Organisation and administration[edit]

Governance[edit]

IIT Madras is an autonomous statutory organisation functioning within the Institutes of Technology Act. The twenty three IITs are administered centrally by the IIT Council, an apex body established by the Government of India. The Minister of Human Resources and Development is the chairman of the council.[29] Each institute has a board of governors responsible for its administration and control. The finance committee advises on matters of financial policy, while the Building and Works Committee advises on buildings and infrastructure.

The Senate comprises all professors of the institute and decides its academic policy. It controls and approves the curriculum, courses, examinations, and results. It appoints committees to examine specific academic matters. The director of the institute serves as the chairman of the Senate. The current director (appointed in 2022) is Kamakoti Veezhinathan,[30] who obtained his Ph.D. and M.S in CSE from IIT Madras.

Three Senate Sub-Committees – The Board of Academic Research, The Board of Academic Courses and The Board of Students – help in academic administration and in the operations of the institute. The Board of Industrial Consultancy and Sponsored Research addresses industrial consultancy and the Library Advisory Committee oversees library matters.

Chennai, Feb 26 (IANS) In a first, researchers at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras have developed an Artificial Intelligence (AI) model that is specific to Indian population and can accurately determine the age of a foetus in a pregnant woman, in her second and third trimesters. read more here.

Departments[edit]

IIT Madras has the following departments

Aerospace Engineering

Applied Mechanics

Biotechnology(Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences)

Chemical Engineering

Chemistry

Civil Engineering

Computer Science and Engineering (CSE)

Electrical Engineering (EE)

Engineering Design

Humanities and Social Sciences (HSS)

Management Studies (DOMS)

Mathematics (MA)

Mechanical Engineering (ME)

Medical Science and Technology (MST)

Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

Ocean Engineering

Physics

Academics[edit]

IIT Madras offers undergraduate, postgraduate and research degrees across 17 disciplines in Engineering, Science, Humanities and Management.[31] About 600 faculty belonging to science and engineering departments and centres of the institute are engaged in teaching, research and industrial consultancy.

The institute has 16 academic departments and advanced research centres across disciplines of engineering and pure sciences, with nearly 100 laboratories. The academic calendar is organised around the semester. Each semester provides a minimum of seventy days of instruction in English. Students are evaluated on a continuous basis throughout the semester. Evaluation is done by the faculty, a consequence of the autonomous status granted to the institute. Research work is evaluated on the basis of the review thesis by peer examiners both from within the country and abroad. Ordinances that govern the academic programme of study are prepared by the Senate, the highest academic body within the institute.

IITM is also gearing up to launch a new and completely online BEd degree programme in Maths and Computing to improve maths teaching in schools, as said by the director at the G20 seminar at IIT Madras.[32]

Grading System and Student Evaluation[edit]

The Indian Institutes of Technology have strict rules for grading. Depending on the course the evaluation is based on participation in class, attendance, quizzes, exams and/or papers. Continuous evaluation is done by course instructors.

The Evaluation System of IIT Madras[33] which is also used in other IITs is the Cumulative Grade Point Average with a scale from 0 to 10 which is converted to letters:

Letter Grade

Grade Points

in Words

Excellent (top students/high performer)

Very Good

Good

Satisfactory Work

Below Average

Poor (but passed)

Failed

Shortage of attendance (usually below 85%)

CGPA then gets calculated as the cumulative credit-weighted average of the grade points:

CGPA = (Σ Ci • GPi) / (Σ Ci)

where:

N is the number of courses

Ci is credits for the ith course

GPi is grade points for the ith course

CGPA is the cumulative grade point average

The CGPA is not the same as the one commonly used in the United States.

In India some credits might be awarded during Bachelor studies for Co-curricular and Extra-curricular Activities, while during the Master Programme this is not allowed.

Through agreements with numerous international organisations, IIT grades are accepted from many international organisations like NTU, NUS and DAAD.

Additionally, the attendance of the students is evaluated with VG for very good (always present), G for good (not present every lecture) and P for poor (student was present less than 85% of lectures).

Admission tests[edit]

For the undergraduate curriculum, admission to the BTech and Dual Degree (BSc + MSc or BTech + MTech) programme is done through the Joint Entrance Examination – Advanced (JEE-Advanced). IIT Madras conducted JEE Advanced in 2017. Admission criteria to the five-year integrated Master of Arts (MA) programme is changed as Humanities and Social Sciences Entrance Examination (HSEE), an IIT Madras specific exam is not conducted from 2023.[34] Admissions to the 4 year BS degree programme for in Data Science and Applications are done through 2 channels: JEE and their own entrance test (which is held in CBT mode across various TCS exam centres, same as any other competitive exam is held in India) called the Qualifier exam which includes questions from Computational Thinking, Mathematics, Statistics and English.[35]

For the postgraduate curriculum, admission to the MTech and MS programmes are through the Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE); after 2022, with the discontinuation of 5 year integrated MA program and the same becoming a 2-year PG program,[36] admissions is through GATE for the MA program also. The Joint Admission Test to MSc (JAM) is the entrance exam for the two-year MSc programme, and other post BSc programmes. MBA candidates are accepted through the Common Admission Test (CAT).[37]

Academic research programmes[edit]

The institute has departments and advanced research centres across the disciplines of engineering and the pure sciences, and nearly 100 laboratories.[38]

Research programmes concern work undertaken by faculty members or specific research groups within departments that award an MS or PhD degree. Research is carried out by scholars admitted into these departmental programmes, under the guidance of their faculty. Each department makes known its areas of interest to the academic community through handbooks, brochures and bulletins. Topics of interest may be theoretical or experimental. IIT Madras has initiated 16 inter-disciplinary research projects against identified focus areas.

Partnership with other universities[edit]

The institute maintains academic friendship with educational institutes around the world through faculty exchange programmes. The institute has signed Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) with foreign universities, resulting in cooperative projects and assignments.[39] The list of partners includes Auckland University of Technology, Massey University, Durham University, Sydney University, University of Colombo and other prestigious universities around the world.

Rankings[edit]

University and college rankingsGeneral – internationalARWU (2022)[40]701–800QS (World) (2023)[41]250QS (Asia) (2023)[42]53General – IndiaNIRF (Overall) (2023)[43]1NIRF (Research) (2023)[44]2QS (India) (2020)[45]4Engineering – IndiaNIRF (2023)[46]1Government colleges: Outlook India (2022)[47]2Business/Management – IndiaNIRF (2023)[48]15

Internationally, IIT Madras was ranked 250 in the QS World University Rankings of 2023[41] and 53 in Asia.[42] It was ranked 701–800 in the world by the Academic Ranking of World Universities of 2022.[40]

IIT Madras was ranked 1st in the overall category,[43] 2nd among research institutions,[44] 1st among engineering colleges [46] and 15th among management schools [48] in India by the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) in 2023. Outlook India ranked IIT Madras 1st among government engineering colleges[47] in 2022. IIT Madras was ranked 4th in the QS India Rankings of 2020.[45]

IIT Madras BS in Data Science won Silver in the Wharton (University of Pennsylvania) - QS Reimagine Education Awards[49]

Industrial Consultancy and Sponsored Research (ICSR)[edit]

Through industrial consultancy, faculty and staff undertake industry assignments that may include project design, testing and evaluation, or training in new areas of industrial development. Industries and organisations like the Indian Ordnance Factories,[50] reach out to the IIT faculty to undertake assignments channeled through the Centre For Industrial Consultancy and Sponsored Research (ICSR).

National organisations sponsor programmes of research by funding projects undertaken by the faculty. Such research is time bound and allows project participants to register for a degree. Project proposals are usually prepared by the IIT faculty and forwarded to interested organisations, based on the nature of their research and their interest to fund such projects.

Sponsored projects are often vehicles for new resources within departments, and often permit their project staff to register for academic degrees in the institute. All sponsored research activities at the institute are coordinated by ICSR.

National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL)[edit]

To improve the quality of higher education in India, IIT Madras came up with an initiative called NPTEL (National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning)[51] in the year 2003.[52] As per this initiative, all the IITs, along with the IISc Bangalore would come up with a series of video lecture based courses across all the streams of engineering.[53] This initiative has gained wide popularity in India and the lectures are being used by several engineering students from across India. It is the largest online repository in the world of courses in engineering, basic sciences and selected humanities and social sciences subjects.[citation needed]

IITM Research Park[edit]

Walkway between blocks of the Research Park

IITM Research Park is India's first university-based research park.[54] The Research Park functions to promote innovation in established companies and provide a nurturing ecosystem to startups through incubation efforts and technical infrastructure.[55] Following its success, 50 research parks were planned as part of the Start Up India initiative of the Central Government of India. Corporate clients of IIT Madras Research park include Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, Saint-Gobain and Forbes Marshall. Ather Energy, Hyperverge, Gyandata and Healthcare Technology Innovation Centre(Sponsored by Department of Biotechnology, Government of India)[56] are some of the startups and centers incubated at the Research Park. The Research Park is a prime driver for the very large number of startups incubated at IIT Madras.[57]

IOE-IITM Research Initiatives[edit]

As an Institute of Eminence, IITM has opened various research centres that include important domains like artificial intelligence and data sciences, big networks, complex systems, chemistry, earth sciences, math and cyber security, ocean technology, quantum science and technology and sensing and vision, etc.

Pravartak[edit]

IITM Pravartak is funded by the Department of Science and Technology, GOI, under its National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber-Physical Systems, and it's hosted as a Technology Innovation Hub (TIH) by IIT Madras. It focuses on Technology, Entrepreneurship and Human resource skill development through various initiatives. It provides hands on programmes, hybrid courses like Out of the Box thinking in Maths, Winter school on Advanced Quantum Computing, Wireless Networks, Blockchains and others.

Alumni and Corporate Relations[edit]

Initiatives and Engagement[edit]

The Office of Alumni and Corporate Relations initiates, promotes, and facilitates connections among the diverse network of IIT Madras alumni as well as corporates. Through collaborations, mentorship programs, and knowledge-sharing initiatives, the office contributes to the institute's progress and goals. The office fosters alumni engagement with the institute through various initiatives such as organizing reunions across batches, recognizes distinguished alumni, and ensures that alumni stay in touch with developments at IIT Madras through newsletters and regular communications. It is currently headed by Prof.Mahesh Panchagnula from the Dept. of Applied Mechanics, IIT Madras. [58]

Collaborations with Corporations[edit]

The office has facilitated various technology-driven social impact collaborations with various corporations and corporate foundation arms, under Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in India. Partnerships with both Alumni and corporates are undertaken through the Office of Institutional Advancement which functions as part of the Alumni and Corporate Relations office. [59]

Modern and Advanced Courses[edit]

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BS Degree in Data Science and Applications[edit]

The institute launched the world's first 4-year full time UG Bachelor of Science degree (BS) program in Data Science and Applications in 2022 (which is one of the best & quality under-grad degrees in the field of AI/ML/DS in the world) with unique flexible exit options as per the NEP, which was earlier a virtual 3 year BSc degree programme in Programming and Data science (POD) (in 2020). The program is rigorous in its delivery, just as any other program from IIT Madras. The 142 credit program consists of three levels - Foundation (32 credits), Diploma (54 credits), and Degree (56 credits).[60] and a total of 36 theory courses and 4 project courses. The degree programme is currently being run in a hybrid mode with the course-wise best of the faculty members across India. The renowned faculty from the 1st year of this Data science dept. include faculty Madhavan Mukund (Director, Chennai Mathematical Institute),[61] Rajesh Kumar (Professor, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, IIT Madras),[62] Andrew Thangaraj (Professor, Electrical Engineering Department, IIT Madras),[63] Sudarshan Iyengar (Associate Professor & HOD, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IIT Ropar),[64] and several more faculty, instructors and mentors from IITs and other renowned and eminent institutions.

The IIT Madras BS in DSA currently follows a tri-mester academic system, where each academic year is divided into 3 terms (i.e. 3 semesters) each of 4 months duration: Jan-April (Winter), May–August (Spring) and Sept-Dec (Fall)

Data Science won Silver in the Wharton (University of Pennsylvania) - QS Reimagine Education Awards[65]

Robert Bosch Centre for Data Science and AI (RBCDSAI)[edit]

The RBCDSAI was set up in 2017 with a funding from the institute to encourage interdisciplinary research. In the last 5 years, it has grown to be the pre-eminent interdisciplinary research centre for Data Science and AI in India and is one of the country's largest groups in network analytics and deep reinforcement learning.

Google has granted IIT Madras $1 million for setting up India's first multidisciplinary centre for Responsible AI.[66]

The official IITM approved societies and clubs under the BS in DS branch include:

Ramanujan Society For Research (RaSoR), Pravaha (Dance society), Anime society, Adhyay (civil services society), Raahat (Mental health and wellness society), Cosmos (Tech society), Erudite (Oratory society), Art Society, Sahityika (Literary society), Film society, Heighters (esports club), WYZ Kids (Quiz club), Akord (Music society), Aayam (Drama society) and Shah Maat (Chess society)

The Upper House Council (UHC) is the ultimate student body elected by the students that consists of 36 representatives from the students, 3 from each house who are elected as the Secretary, Deputy Secretary and the Web Admin from the pool of Group Leaders.

The 12 houses of the degree, named after the forests in India. include Bandipur, Corbett, Gir, Kanha, Kaziranga, Nallamala, Namdapha, Nilgiri, Pichavaram, Saranda, Sundarbans and Wayanad.

In April 2021, the BS program department organized the Cricket Hackathon 2021 for students, professionals, and data science enthusiasts. The academic competition was designed for beginners to learn and compete, as well as for professionals to showcase their capabilities in programming, data science, and analytics.[67]

IIT Madras BS in Data Science won the Wharton-QS Reimagine Education Awards (Silver).[68]

BS DSA Stats-Maths Academic Cell[edit]

The IITM BS Stats-Maths academic cell was officially inaugurated on 12 November 2022, in presence of the eminent mathematicians Dr. Ritabrota Munshi, head of theoretical statistics and maths unit, Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) Kolkata and Dr. Saket Saurabh, professor of theoretical computer science from IMSc.

Scholarships at IITM BS[edit]

Students at IITM pursuing BS in DS get income-based (who have low family income) fee-waivers each term. Also students belonging to EWS, SC/ST, OBC and PwD categories get these waivers.

Verizon India, L&T Technology Services provide scholarship to IIT Madras BS Degree Students.

Recently, Cargill, a US-global food and agriculture corporation, in partnership with IIT Madras has announced Merit-cum-Means Scholarship. The Cargill Scholarship enables over 100 students[69] from low-income background to fulfil their dream by pursuing higher education at IITM.

Diploma Courses at IITM[edit]

IITM also offers Diploma in Programming and Diploma in Data Science separately. Students who've completed a UG degree or have completed at least two years of an undergrad degree are eligible to sit for the DAD qualifier exam (duration: 3 hours for Diploma in programming and 4 hours for that of Data science) which serves as the entrance test for these programmes.

BS Degree in Electronic Systems (ES)[edit]

IITM launched the 4-yr BS undergrad degree in Electronic Systems (ES) in March 2023 to meet the significant and growing demand for skilled graduates in the electronics and embedded systems sector in India.[70] This programme would also run in hybrid mode. The faculty coordinators of this dept. include Dr Aniruddhan and Dr Boby George from Dept. of Electrical Engineering at IITM.

Students need to have Physics and Maths in class 12 as mandatory requirements to apply for the degree. Students can apply through JEE channel or their own entrance or qualifier examination.

Unlike the BS in DSA which follows a tri-mester curriculum, this will follow a semester system (2 semesters per year) with the same concept of 2 in-centre quizzes and an end term exam in each semester.

Keeping in line with the new NEP, IITM has provided a flexibility to exit earlier with a Foundation Certificate or Diploma. However, one needs to complete 142 credits to achieve the BS degree in ES.

IIT Madras Zanzibar Campus[edit]

IIT Madras established a new Campus in Zanzibar (Tanzania) IITM Zanzibar Campus in July 2023 to provide quality education in Tanzania. IIT Madras is the first IIT to establish a campus outside India.[71][72][73]

Offered Degrees -

BS in Data Science and Artificial Intelligence

MTech in Data Science and Artificial Intelligence

Student activities[edit]

Festivals[edit]

E-Summit IIT Madras[edit]

E-Summit by the Entrepreneurship Cell E-Cell of IIT Madras, is IITM's annual flagship event and only ISO 9001:2015 certified entrepreneurship summit focusing on young entrepreneurs and their ventures.[citation needed]

Shaastra[edit]

Main article: Shaastra

Shaastra is the annual technical festival of IIT Madras. It is typically held in the second week of January[74] and is the first ISO 9001:2015 certified student organised festival in the world.[citation needed] It is known for its organisation and activities. Forums include the symposia, workshops, video conferences, lectures, demonstrations, and technical exhibitions. Competitive activities cover design events, programming, simulations, quizzes, applied engineering, speedcubing, robotics, and junk-yard wars.

Saarang[edit]

Main article: Saarang

Saarang is the annual social and cultural festival of IIT Madras. It is a five-day-long event held in early January every year and attracts a crowd of 70,000 students and young people from across the country, making it the largest student-run fest in India.[citation needed] Saarang events include speaking, dancing, thespian, quizzing and word games, professional shows (nicknamed proshows) and workshops on music, fashion, art, and dance.

Paradox[edit]

Paradox is the fest organized for the IIT Madras Bachelor of Science degree students. It is held 3 times a year. Paradox in Saavan and Paradox in Margazhi[75] are held hybrid around August and December respectively and consist of various cultural, sports, professional events, hackathons. The main annual fest is held at the IITM campus. It's the biggest gathering of IITM Online BS students that happens in the month of May every year, as the summer vacation for students begin.[76]

Department festivals[edit]

Several departments organise department festivals. Samanvay, Biofest, ExeBit, Wavez, Mechanica, CEA Fest, ChemPlus, Amalgam and Forays are some of the festivals organised by the Department of Management Studies, Computer Science and Engineering, Ocean Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering and Maths departments respectively. Department of Humanities and Social Sciences hosts Annual Academic Conference.

Fest name

Department

Aero fest

Aerospace Engineering

Amalgam

Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

ElecFest

Electrical Engineering

Samanvay

Department of Management Studies

Biofest

Biotechnology

ExeBit

Computer Science and Engineering

CEA Fest

Civil Engineering

Chemplus

Chemical Engineering

Forays

Mathematics

Mechanica

Mechanical Engineering

Wavez

Ocean Engineering

Annual Academic Conference

Humanities and Social Sciences

Bhoutics

Physics

CiHS

Chemistry

The Entrepreneurship Cell[edit]

The Entrepreneurship Cell at IIT Madras believes that entrepreneurship is not just about starting companies and building businesses but a pathway towards India's socio-economic development. E-Cell was earlier known as C-TIDES, and was rechristened in 2015 as the entrepreneur.

E-Cell IIT Madras is an active non-profit, a completely student-run organization to help encourage entrepreneurship.

Centre For Innovation (CFI)[edit]

Set up with funds donated by the batch of 1981. CFI was started in 2008 as a student-run lab for creative output of the budding engineers of IIT Madras. It provides students the necessary platform for realizing their ideas. It houses 13 clubs and 7 competition teams, representing IIT Madras on various technical events. Summer School has been started by clubs to teach freshers popular topics during summer vacation.[77]

CFI houses workspace of student teams such as Raftar Formula Racing, Team Anveshak, Mars rover team, Abhiyaan,autonomous vehicle team, Avishkar Hyperloop, hyperloop team, Team Abhyuday, rocketry team, Agnirath, solar car team and iGem.[78]

The annual flagship event of CFI, the Open House displays the projects of all CFI clubs, along with the works of the Competitive Teams.[79]

Extra Mural Lectures (EML)[edit]

Launched in 1980 by a group of students with support from the then director of IIT Madras, the late Prof. P.V. Indiresan, the main aim of the Extra Mural Lectures series is to expose the IIT Madras community to the ideas and experiences of eminent personalities from diverse backgrounds. Over the years, lectures included the late former president of India A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, Nobel Laureate The 14th Dalai Lama, Nobel Peace Laureate Kailash Satyarthi, Chess Grandmaster Vishwanathan Anand, filmmaker S.S. Rajamouli, Honorable Governor Shri. E.S.L. Narasimhan, Honorable Minister of Railways Shri. Suresh Prabhu, current vice president of India Shri. M.Venkaiah Naidu, music composer Ilayaraja, co-founder of Infosys Shri. Kris Gopalakrishnan, Ambassador of Japan to India H.E. Mr. Kenji Hiramatsu, then defence secretary of India Mr. Ajay Kumar and ISRO chairman S. Somanath have been hosted at IIT Madras for Extra Mural Lectures, to motivate the students and broaden their perspectives.

Extracurricular activities[edit]

Deer at IIT Madras, in the open ground between SAC and the stadium

The Sustainability Network (S-Net) is an alumni-student-faculty initiative launched in May 2009 to help preserve the unique niche of one of the best educational campus in India. S-Net was envisioned to work towards developing and deploying solutions for making a self-sustaining campus (focusing on energy/electricity, water, and waste management), which could eventually be replicated across the country through tie-ups with other educational institutions.[80] An albino blackbuck at IIT Madras, IITM is also home to Endangered Species of blackbuck

The Fifth Estate[81] is the official media body of IIT Madras and gives an insight into the happenings inside the campus and important news related to the institute.

The Open Air Theatre hosts the weekly movie, a Saturday night tradition, besides other activities. It seats over 7,000.

The National Service Scheme (Nss Iitm) Archived 23 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Nss Iitm. Retrieved on 9 October 2013. (NSS) in IIT Madras has been noted for taking up socially relevant initiatives, taken up as individual projects to create an impact on the society as well as the students. The wing of NSS at IITM has over 400 students every year, contributing to the cause of the scheme. Since its inception, NSS at IITM has achieved many milestones in its history as a unique, student-run organisation. Linked with several NGOs and social organisations both within and outside Chennai. By working out projects from Braille magazines to technology interventions, from teaching children in urban slums to educational video content, NSS (IITM) seeks to challenge the mediocre thinking, and reach out into the darkness, to pull a hand into the light.

Student bodies such as Vivekananda Study Circle (VSC), Islamic Study Circle, IIT Christian Fellowship, Genesis and Reflections focus on spiritual discussions.

Regional groups include Marathi Mitra Mandal(MMM), Hindi Mitra Mandal(HMM), Karka Kasadara(Tamil), Kerala Kala Samithi(KKS), Garvi Gujarati Sangathan(GGS), Telugu Samskruthika Samithi and Kannada Samskrutika Sangh.

The campus has evolved a slang, attracting a published Master's thesis at a German University.[82] A mix of English, Hindi, Telugu (Gult), Malayalam (Mallu) and Tamil (Tam), aspects of the campus slang have been adopted by some other Chennai colleges.

Unlike its sister institutions, IIT Madras has no single Indian language used among its students: Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Marathi, Kannada, English and Hindi are all very commonly used. All student participatory activities like debating, dramatics, short-film making, and others are held in English. This is even reflected in the slang that uses more of English and other Indian regional languages than Hindi, unlike in IIT-M's northern counterparts.

Prakriti Wildlife Club at IIT Madras was founded in April 2002 by students, faculty, staff, residents, and alumni who are wildlife enthusiasts.[83]

IIT Madras Heritage Centre[edit]

Entrance of the Heritage Centre at IIT Madras The Heritage Centre was formally inaugurated by Dr Arcot Ramachandran, former Director IIT Madras on 3 March 2006. The centre is located on the ground floor of the administration building. The actual idea of a Heritage Centre was mooted in the year 2000 and has become a reality due to the efforts of the Professor-in-charge Dr. Ajit Kumar Kolar and his team. The centre will function as a repository of material of heritage value and historical significance of various facets of the institute.

The exhibits include photographs, documents, publications, paintings, portraits, products developed and other articles. Information regarding important events, laboratory development, visits of important dignitaries, Indo-German cooperative activities, and academic achievements of faculty and students also are included. Aspects of IITM campus features and development, campus life and student activities are also included, thus broadening the scope of the centre in the future to non-academic activities also.

Controversies[edit]

Kiss of Love[edit]

Several members of the Hindu Munnani were arrested in November 2014 for organising a "spitting protest" outside the IIT-Madras after the institute played host to the 'Kiss of Love' campaign.[84] The members of the group gathered and started spitting at the pictures of students kissing and hugging at the kiss of love campaign the past week. Additionally, they also hurled abuse at the students.[85]

Beef Fest[edit]

In 2017, Beef fest was organised by some students from APSC to protest against the central government's ban on cow slaughter.[86] Events turned violent when a PhD student was attacked in student mess by some right wing students. Student sustained injuries and had to admit to hospital. IIT Madras had to release an official statement and a petition was filed in High Court to set up a peacekeeping committee.[87] In June 2023, High Court disposed the petition.[88]

Notable alumni[edit]

This article's list of alumni may not follow Wikipedia's verifiability policy. Please improve this article by removing names that do not have independent reliable sources showing they merit inclusion in this article AND are alumni, or by incorporating the relevant publications into the body of the article through appropriate citations. (December 2017)

Main article: List of IIT Madras people

Arumugam Manthiram, director, Texas Materials Institute, Professor of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin[89]

Anand Rajaraman, founder of Junglee; currently heading Kosmix.com with Venky Harinarayan

Anant Agarwal, professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at MIT[90]

Anima Anandkumar, Bren Professor of Computing at California Institute of Technology. She is a director of Machine Learning research at NVIDIA.

Arun Sundararajan, professor at Stern School of Business, New York University[91]

Atul Chokshi, materials engineer, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar laureate

B. N. Suresh, director of IIST

B. Muthuraman, managing Director of Tata Steel

Balaji Sampath, founder of Ahaguru

Bhaskar Ramamurthi, director, IIT Madras (2011 – 2022)

Gururaj Deshpande, founder of Sycamore Networks

T. V. Rajan Babu, professor of chemistry at Ohio State University

G. K. Ananthasuresh, professor at Indian Institute of Science

Hari Balakrishnan, Fujitsu Chair Professor in the EECS Department at MIT[92]

Jai Menon, IBM Fellow, CTO and VP, Technical Strategy – IBM Systems and Technology Group

B. Jayant Baliga, inventor of the insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT)

Jayaraman Chandrasekhar, computational chemist, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar laureate

Kris Gopalakrishnan, co-chairman and co-founder of Infosys

Krishna Bharat, creator of Google News, principal scientist, Google

L. Mahadevan, FRS, de Valpine Professor of Applied Mathematics, Physics and Biology, Harvard University,[93] MacArthur Fellow 2009[94]

K. Mani Chandy, former chair of Engineering and Applied Science at Caltech[95]

Marti G. Subrahmanyam, professor of finance, Stern School of Business at New York University

Murali Sastry, nanotechnologist, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar laureate

Mas Subramanian, Milton Harris Chair Professor of Materials Chemistry at Oregon State University

Narayanan Chandrakumar, chemical physicist, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar laureate

Neelesh B. Mehta, communications engineer, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar laureate[96]

Prabhakar Raghavan, vice president of Engineering, Google and Consulting Professor at Stanford University

R. Prasanna, guitarist and carnatic musician

Pinaki Majumdar, condensed matter physicist, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar laureate[97]

Prem Watsa, billionaire; founder, chairman, and chief executive of Fairfax Financial Holdings, which owns BlackBerry

Radha Vembu, co-founder, Zoho Corporation.

Ramanathan V. Guha, inventor of RSS feed technology, computer scientist at Google; won the Distinguished Alumnus award from IIT Madras in 2013

Ramesh Govindan, Northrop Grumman Chair in Engineering and Professor of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering at the University of Southern California; won the Distinguished Alumnus award from IIT Madras in 2014

Raghu Ramakrishnan, technical fellow and CTO, Information Services Microsoft

Raju Narayana Swamy, IAS Officer

Ramayya Krishnan, dean of the Heinz College at Carnegie Mellon University

S. Sowmya, carnatic vocalist

Timothy A. Gonsalves, computer scientist and first director of IIT Mandi

Shashi Nambisan, director of the Center for Transportation Research and Education at Iowa State University

Sridhar Tayur, Ford Distinguished Research Chair and Professor of Operations Management at Carnegie Mellon University; founder, SmartOps and OrganJet

Sridhar Vembu, founder and CEO of Zoho Corporation

Subra Suresh, former president of Carnegie Mellon University, former director of the National Science Foundation, former dean of the MIT School of Engineering

Venkat Rangan, co-founder and CTO at Clearwell Systems

Venkatesan Guruswami, associate professor, Department of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University

Venky Harinarayan, co-founder Kosmix

Vic Gundotra, former senior vice president Google, creator of Google plus and MIT technology Review top innovators in world

Vinay Nair, visiting professor at The Wharton School and founding principal of Ada Investments

Viswanathan Kumaran, chemical engineer, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar laureate

Companies run by IIT Madras alumni[edit]

Zoho Corporation, Indian Multinational Technology Company [98]

Ather Energy, Indian Electric Two Wheeler Manufacturer [99]

AgniKul Cosmos, an Indian Aerospace Manufacturer

Avishkar Hyperloop

Saaf Water[100][101]

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1Pre-independence developments

2Developments leading to the first IIT

3The next four IITs

4Establishment of IIT Guwahati and IIT Roorkee

5Establishment of eight new IITs

6Conversion of IIT (BHU) Varanasi

7Conversion of IIT (ISM) Dhanbad and establishment of six new IITs

8References

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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "History of Indian Institutes of Technology" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) are the premier autonomous public technical and research universities located across India, founded under the leadership of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.[1]

Pre-independence developments[edit]

The concept of the IITs originated even before India gained independence in 1947. After the end of the Second World War and before India got independence, Sir Ardeshir Dalal from the Viceroy's Executive Council foresaw that the future prosperity of India would depend not so much on capital as on technology. He, therefore, proposed the setting up of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. To man those laboratories, he persuaded the US government to offer hundreds of doctoral fellowships under the Technology Cooperation Mission (TCM) program. However realizing that such steps can not help in the long run for the development of India after it gains independence, he conceptualized institutes that would train such work forces in the country itself. This is believed to be the first conceptualization of IITs.

Developments leading to the first IIT[edit]

IIT Kharagpur was established at the site of the Hijli Detention Camp (pictured) in 1950.

Dr. Humayun Kabir encouraged Dr. B. C. Roy, the chief minister of West Bengal to work on Sir Ardeshir's proposal for an IIT. It is also possible that Sir J. C. Ghosh, the then director of the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, prompted him to do so. In 1946, Dr. Kabir along with Sir Jogendra Singh of the Viceroy's Executive Council (Department of Education, Health and Agriculture) set up a committee to prepare a proposal, and made Sir Nalini Ranjan Sarkar the chairman. The Sarkar Committee was taking too much time, but Dr. Roy did not wait for the committee to finalise its report and started working on the interim draft itself. The 22 member committee (in its interim draft) recommended the establishment of Higher Technical Institutions in the Eastern, Western, Northern and Southern regions of the country. These institutes were recommended to have a number of secondary institutions affiliated to them. The draft also urged the speedy establishment of all the four institutions with the ones in the East and the West to be started immediately. The committee also felt that such institutes should not only produce undergraduates but should be engaged in research – producing research workers and technical teachers as well. The standard of the graduates was recommended to be at par with those from elite institutions abroad. They felt that the proportion of undergraduates and postgraduate students should be 2:1.

L. S. Chandrakant and Biman Sen in the Education Ministry played significant role in producing a blueprint for a truly autonomous educational institution. Sir J. C. Ghosh (later to be the first director of IIT Kharagpur) ensured liberal provisions of the IIT Act allowing the IITs to work free from interference from the babudom. It is largely because of the IIT Act that IIT directors were granted authority superseding even some parts of the government. On the ground Bengal had the highest concentration of engineering industries, the committee suggested that an IIT may be set up in that state. This encouraged Dr. Roy. to use that fragment of a report in order to persuade Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru to push through a special Act to establish an IIT in Bengal.

With the recommendations of the Sarkar committee in view and on the basis of blueprint made by L. S. Chandrakant, Biman Sen, and Sir J. C. Ghosh, the first Indian Institute of Technology was born in May, 1950 at the site of Hijli Detention Camp in Kharagpur, a town in eastern India. Initially the IIT started functioning from 5, Esplanade East, Calcutta (now Kolkata) and shifted to Hijli in September, 1950 when Sir J. C. Ghosh offered the place as a ready made place for the IIT. The present name 'Indian Institute of Technology' was adopted before the formal inauguration of the institute on 18 August 1951, by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad. On 15 September 1956, the Parliament of India passed an act known as the Indian Institute of Technology (Kharagpur) Act declaring it as an Institute of National Importance. Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first Prime Minister, in the first convocation address of IIT Kharagpur in 1956, said:

Here in the place of that Hijli Detention Camp stands the fine monument of India, representing India's urges, India's future in the making. This picture seems to me symbolical of the changes that are coming to India."[2]

The next four IITs[edit]

To counter the criticisms of setting up IIT in West Bengal, the draft report suggested that a second IIT may be located in the Western Region to serve the process industries concentrated there. It also added that a third IIT should be considered for the North to promote the vast irrigation potential of the Gangetic basin. Not willing to leave South out (and to make it politically correct), the draft report hinted that a fourth one might be considered for the South too. However, it offered no specific economic justification for the same.

When the pressure started building up to set up IIT in the West, Jawaharlal Nehru sought Soviet assistance in order to set up the institute in Mumbai. Krishna Menon (the then Defence Minister) and closest to the Russians, got Brig. Bose appointed the first director of IIT Bombay when it got established in Powai in 1958. As a fallout of the prevailing Cold War, the Americans offered to help to set up yet another IIT. The way the Sarcar Committee had suggested, it was established in the North as IIT Kanpur (in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh) in 1959. Dr. Kelkar was the first director of the institute.

At that time, the Germans had run up large trade surpluses, and they were persuaded to support an IIT in the South. The Germans had initially decided on Bangalore as the location, but when they visited Madras, C. Subramaniam, the education minister, took them round the governor's estate with frolicking deer roaming among hundreds of venerable banyan trees, and offered the space across the table. The visiting German team was considerably impressed by it and Madras got the fourth IIT in 1959 itself as IIT Madras.

R. N. Dogra, the chief engineer of Chandigarh, persuaded Prof M. S. Thacker, then member of the planning commission, to set up an IIT at Delhi on the ground that the country was divided into five regions, and all but the North had an IIT each. It was done on the basis of the logic that Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh constituted the Central Region. Hence, officially, Kanpur was located in the Central Region, not the North. This led to the establishment of IIT Delhi in 1961. The Indian Institutes of Technology Act was suitably amended to reflect the addition of new IITs.[3]

Establishment of IIT Guwahati and IIT Roorkee[edit]

After the establishment of IIT in Delhi, there was a long gap in any notable development in the history of IITs. However, in the beginning of the 1990s, widespread student agitations in Assam led to Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi promising another IIT in Assam. Rajiv Gandhi agreed to it on the spot considering it a minor request of IIT although eventually it cost over Rs 1,500 crore. The IIT Guwahati campus was established in 1994 and started functioning in 1995.[4] In the beginning of the 21st century, Dr. Murli Manohar Joshi (the Education Minister of India) made University of Roorkee into an IIT, making IIT Roorkee the newest IIT but the oldest institution amongst the seven in 2001.

Establishment of eight new IITs[edit]

Establishment of the eight new IITs began with decision of the cabinet, which was announced by the Minister of Human Resource Development (MHRD), Arjun Singh, on 28 March 2008 that the government planned to establish more IITs, Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) and Central Universities across the country. Six IITs at Bhubaneswar, Gandhinagar, Hyderabad, Jodhpur, Patna and Ropar began functional from 2008 while other two at Indore and Mandi commenced their sessions from 2009.

Conversion of IIT (BHU) Varanasi[edit]

In order to establish more IITs in India, MHRD constituted Professor S K Joshi Committee in 2003 and Anand Krishnan Committee in 2005 to recommend names of existing institutes that had the potential of being converted into an IIT institute, both of which had recommended for the conversion of the IT-BHU into an Indian Institute of Technology (IIT). On 17 July 2008, the government of India issued a press release granting "In principle approval for taking over the Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University – a constituent unit of the Banaras Hindu University, a Central University, its conversion into an Indian Institute of Technology and integrating it with the IIT system in the country." After the approval of BHU Executive Council, a bill was introduced on 4 August 2010, a bill seeking to amend the Institutes of Technology Act 1961 to declare IT-BHU as an IIT. The Bill was eventually signed by the president of India on 20 June 2012 and notified in the gazette on 21 June. The Central Government released a notification on 29 June that as per the Act, the transformation process was complete and the erstwhile IT-BHU was renamed as Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi.[5]

Conversion of IIT (ISM) Dhanbad and establishment of six new IITs[edit]

The proposal for conversion of ISM Dhanbad into an IIT had been strongly recommended in 1994 by a Government Committee, headed by Prof. S. Sampath (former Director of IIT Kanpur and IIT Madras). However, no action was taken by the Government over the proposal.

Several years later, in 2007–08, several new Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) like IIT Patna were set up without even having a campus, while ISM was not converted into IIT. This was despite the fact that since 1997, ISM was taking in IIT-JEE qualified students (along with the 7 older IIT's and IT-BHU). After the conversion of IT-BHU to IIT-BHU in June 2012, ISM was the only non-IIT institute which admitted IIT-JEE (now called JEE-Advanced) qualified students to its various undergraduate and dual degree programmes. Once admitted into ISM or an IIT through IIT-JEE (JEE-Advanced) exam, a student was not permitted to appear in the exam again, and hence could not take admission in an IIT next year (as per rules of the JEE-Advanced exam). In this respect, Govt of India treated ISM at par with IITs.

In 2009, ISM got the approval of its finance committee, executive board and general council, proposing its conversion to an IIT. This was forwarded to Ministry of Human Resource and Development (MHRD), Government of India in early 2010. This was followed by a detailed project report on the conversion prepared by EdCIL (a public sector enterprise), on the directions of the HRD Ministry. The ISM Teachers Association and ISM Alumni Association passed resolutions in 2010–11, favoring this conversion. In September 2011, a resolution was passed by the Government of Jharkhand, recommending to the Government of India to convert ISM to an IIT soon.

On 7 May 2012, the director of ISM gave a detailed presentation highlighting the various aspects of institute and the need for its conversion to an IIT, at the Yojana Bhawan, Planning commission. The meeting was chaired by Narendra Jadhav, Member of MHRD. The conclusion that came to be was inclusion of the conversion in the 12th Five Year Plan (2012–17).

In June 2012, a planning commission panel, on a reference to it from the Union Cabinet, favoured that this conversion be done, during the 12th Five Year Plan (2012–2017) and in such a possible way that ISM's core competency in mining and geology is maintained.

The proposal to convert ISM to IIT became a part of the 12th Five Year Plan after its passage by the prime minister headed National Development Council or NDC, on 27 December 2012. ISM was the only institute of India selected by NDC to be converted into an IIT in the 12th Five Year Plan.

Finally, the Union Finance Minister Mr. Arun Jaitley, during his budget speech in Parliament on 28 February 2015, had proposed to upgrade ISM Dhanbad into an Indian Institute of Technology (IIT). On 25 May 2016, the Union Cabinet headed by Prime Minister Modi approved that a bill be introduced in Parliament for converting ISM Dhanbad into an IIT.

On 25 May 2016, the Union Cabinet passed a draft bill proposed to set up 6 new IITs and convert ISM Dhanbad into a full-fledged IIT. On 19 July 2016 the said Bill, named The Institutes of Technology (Amendment) Bill, 2016 was introduced in the Lok Sabha. On 25 July 2016, the mentioned Bill was passed without any opposition by the Lok Sabha..[6] On 2 August 2016, the IIT Amendment Bill 2016 (for conversion of ISM Dhanbad to IIT (ISM) Dhanbad and including setting up of 6 new IITs at Bhilai, Dharwad, Goa, Jammu, Palakkad and Tirupati) was passed by Rajya Sabha.

The Bill was eventually signed by the president of India on 10 August and notified in the Gazette of India[7] and ISM Dhanbad was renamed as Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad.

References[edit]

^ "More IIT seats possible this year". The Times of India.

^ IIT Kharagpur's History Archived 13 August 2007 at the Wayback Machine on IIT Kharagpur's Website. URL Retrieved 28 August 2012.

^ Indian Institute of Technology Act, 1961 on IIT Bombay's Website. URL accessed 2006-04-10.

^ "About IIT, Guwahati". Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati.

^ [1] Archived 5 April 2013 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Legislation : Loksaha". 164.100.47.192. Lok Sabha, Parliament of India. Archived from the original on 29 March 2016. Retrieved 31 July 2016.

^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 January 2021. Retrieved 11 August 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

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Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru pioneered establishing of the Indian Institutes of Technology to provide trained technical personnel of international class to the nation who would act as leaders in technology for the newly born independent India. The institutions were to be designed with the necessary dynamism, flexibility of organization and capacity to adapt in the light of expanding knowledge and changes in the socio-economic requirements of modern society.In May 1950, the first in the series was established in Kharagpur at the site of the Hijli Detention Camp, where the British had incarcerated political prisoners, the institution was named the 'Indian Institute of Technology' before its formal inauguration on August 18, 1951.

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